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\u4e00\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u5230\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9646\u7eed\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u5e7f\u64ad\u516c\u53f8\uff08British Broadcasting Corp.\uff09\u3001\u7535\u529b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Electricity Commission\uff09\u3001\u6797\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Forestry Commission\uff09\u3001\u4f26\u6566\u5ba2\u8fd0\u4ea4\u901a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08London Passenger Transport Board\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u6709\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u591a\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u884c\u4e1a\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u591a\u7531\u884c\u4e1a\u534f\u4f1a\u6765\u627f\u62c5\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5168\u884c\u4e1a\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u90e8\u5206\u5982BBC\u3001\u6797\u4e1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u7136\u4f5c\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u90e8\u95e8\u8fd0\u8425\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u9ad8\u6f6e\u662f\u57281945-1951\u5e74\uff0c\u827e\u5fb7\u793c\uff08Clement Attlee\uff09\u5de5\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u671f\u95f4\u6240\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u5bc6\u96c6\u6027\u5730\u5c06\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u7c7b\u884c\u4e1a\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u3002\u5148\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u884c\u4e1a\u5904\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u5784\u65ad\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5927\u578b\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\uff1a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7164\u70ad\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08National Coal Board\uff09\u3001\u71c3\u6c14\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff08Gas Council\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u7535\u529b\u5c40\uff08British Electricity Authority\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u94c1\u8def\u5c40\uff08British Railways Board\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df4\u58eb\u516c\u53f8\uff08National Bus Company\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\uff08British Airways\uff09\u3001\u4f26\u6566\u516c\u5171\u8fd0\u8f93\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08London Transport Executive\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u516c\u8def\u670d\u52a1\uff08British Road Services\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u9053\u5c40\uff08British Waterways Board\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u8fd0\u8f93\u7801\u5934\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08British Transport Docks Board\uff09\u3001\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c\uff08Bank of England\uff09\u3001\u56fd\u6c11\u4fdd\u5065\u7f72\uff08National Health Service\uff09\u3001\u533a\u57df\u533b\u9662\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Regional Hospital Boards\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u52301951\u5e74\u5de5\u515a\u5927\u9009\u843d\u9009\u65f6\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u904d\u5e03\u5305\u62ec\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u7535\u529b\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u7164\u70ad\u3001\u7164\u6c14\u3001\u822a\u7a7a\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u516c\u8def\u3001\u5185\u6cb3\u822a\u8fd0\u3001\u7801\u5934\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u56fd\u56fa\u5b9a\u8d44\u672c\u5f62\u6210\u768417%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57281951-1979\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u548c\u5de5\u515a\u8f6e\u6d41\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u4f46\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5360\u6bd4\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ef4\u6301\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u622a\u81f31962\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5728\u516c\u5171\u8bbe\u65bd\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u8fd0\u8f93\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u884c\u4e1a\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5c31\u4e1a\u4eba\u6570\u5360\u6bd4\u7ea6\u4e3a70%\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u751a\u81f3\u8fbe\u5230\u4e8687%\u3002 \u5230\u6492\u5207\u5c14\u592b\u4eba\u79c1\u6709\u5316\u6539\u9769\u524d\u5915\uff081978\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u90ae\u653f\u3001\u7535\u4fe1\u3001\u7535\u529b\u3001\u7164\u6c14\u3001\u7164\u70ad\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u548c\u8239\u8236\u90e8\u95e8\u56fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5360\u6bd4\u8fbe100%\uff0c\u5728\u94a2\u94c1\u548c\u822a\u7a7a\u90e8\u95e8\u8fbe\u523075%\uff0c\u6c7d\u8f66\u5236\u9020\u548c\u77f3\u6cb9\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u4e5f\u5206\u522b\u8fbe\u523050%\u548c25%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u82f1\u56fd\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u632f\u5174\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u6218\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u4f46\u8fdb\u516520\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3001\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u4e8f\u635f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53c2\u8003William G. Shepherd\uff081976\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a1949-1958\u5e74\u4e3a\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u671f\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u9762\u4e34\u53cc\u91cd\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u6700\u5927\u5316\u751f\u4ea7\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76ee\u6807\uff09\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u8981\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4eba\u5de5\u8d44\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u6807\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7eb7\u7eb7\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u4e2d\u7b49\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5c0f\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u9762\u4e34\u90e8\u5206\u8d64\u5b57\u30021959-1968\u5e74\u4e3a\u201c\u871c\u6708\u671f\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5728\u7164\u70ad\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u3001\u7164\u6c14\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u5230\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5df2\u7ecf\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u6548\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u6269\u5927\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u5bf9\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u3001\u5f71\u5b50\u4ef7\u683c\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7814\u7a76 \u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0cGDP\u589e\u901f\u4fdd\u6301\u57283%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u957f\u671f\u4f4e\u4e8e2%\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u57fa\u672c\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002 1969-1978\u5e74\u4e3a\u201c\u56f0\u96be\u671f\u201d\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u957f\u671f\u505c\u6ede\uff0c\u5145\u5b9e\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\u5bfc\u81f4\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u8d1f\u62c5\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56fd\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e5f\u56e0\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u4e0b\u964d\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u673a\u6784\u81c3\u80bf\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u3001\u627f\u62c5\u8fc7\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5e76\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u9762\u79ef\u4e8f\u635f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u7269\u4ef7\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u6da8\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u505c\u6ede\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7f62\u5de5\u8fd0\u52a8\u6b64\u8d77\u5f7c\u4f0f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u82f1\u56fd\u75c5\uff08the British disease\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u6539\u9769\u7684\u547c\u58f0\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u9ad8\u6da8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u7684\u6548\u679c\u8bc4\u8ff0<\/h3>\n

\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7684\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u6062\u590d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u5784\u65ad\u54c1\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5f25\u8865\u6295\u8d44\u77ed\u677f\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u91cd\u70b9\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u5347\u7ea7\u3002\u4ee5\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u529b\u884c\u4e1a\u4e3a\u4f8b\u30021927\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u529b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Central Electricity Board\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u8be5\u884c\u4e1a\u7531600\u591a\u5bb6\u4f9b\u7535\u516c\u53f8\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7535\u538b\u548c\u9891\u7387\u53d1\u7535\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5c45\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u4ee5\u4f26\u6566\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u66fe\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u572817\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u538b\u548c20\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e300\u4e07\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u90fd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u7535\u6d41\u3002 \u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u7535\u529b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0c\u52301938\u5e74\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7535\u7f51\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u57281948\u5e74\u6839\u636e\u300a\u7535\u529b\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u7535\u529b\u5c40\uff08British Electricity Authority\uff09\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5168\u56fd600\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4f9b\u7535\u4f01\u4e1a\u88ab\u56fd\u6709\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u4e8614\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u4f9b\u7535\u5c40\u3002 \u56fd\u6709\u5316\u540e\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u7535\u529b\u884c\u4e1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fc5\u901f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53d1\u7535\u603b\u91cf\u4ece1948\u5e74\u7684548\u4ebf\u5343\u74e6\u65f6\u4e0a\u5347\u81f31979\u5e74\u76842787\u4ebf\u5343\u74e6\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u53d1\u7535\u91cf\u4e5f\u4ece1948\u5e74\u76841098\u5343\u74e6\u65f6\u4e0a\u5347\u81f31979\u5e74\u76844957\u5343\u74e6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e74\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\u8d85\u8fc75%\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7535\u529b\u884c\u4e1a\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u6709\u5316\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u7136\u5784\u65ad\u884c\u4e1a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c1958\u20141968\u5e74\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\u4e3a5.3\uff05\uff0c\u540c\u671f\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5e73\u5747\u589e\u957f\u7387\u4ec5\u4e3a3.5\uff05\uff0c\u636e\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7f72\uff08NEDO\uff091976\u5e74\u62a5\u544a\uff0c60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u95e8\u589e\u957f\u5feb\uff0c\u523070\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u56fd\u4f01\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e1a\u589e\u957f\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u7164\u6c14\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u901a\u8baf\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u5e74\u589e\u957f\u7387\u5206\u522b\u4e3a5.5\uff05\u30016.5\uff05\u30015.2\uff05\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u6574\u4e2a\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u5e74\u5e73\u57471.75\uff05\u7684\u589e\u957f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

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SOE in the UK: Development and Experience<\/p>\n

Lang Kun Feng Junxin<\/p>\n

Abstract: As a representative of traditional Western countries, British historical practice provides important research materials for us to objectively understand and evaluate SOEs. After World War II, the Attlee government established and developed a number of important SOEs to restore the post-war economy and solve social problems. Since then, SOEs had played an important role in revitalizing national pillar industries and promoting economic development. In the 1970s, due to excessive social responsibility and lack of effective incentive and supervision, SOEs suffered large losses and became a heavy financial burden. In order to solve the “British disease”, Mrs Thatcher carried out privatization reforms. Using historical research methods, this paper systematically summarizes the development process of the UK’s state-owned economy and provides solid historical data. Based on the previous work, the paper analyzes the causes and effects of the UK’s nationalization and proposes two policy implications.<\/p>\n

Key Words: State-owned Economy; United Kingdom; Nationalization; Privatization; Economic History<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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